UNDERSTORY TREES

Small Trees, Big Impact. Growing between the canopy and shrub layer, they add vertical structure—boosting habitat diversity and creating more room for birds to forage, nest, and take cover. These trees offer dense shelter, nesting sites, and a steady supply of insects and caterpillars for hungry chicks.

The species highlighted below are some of Minnesota’s most valuable native keystone understory trees, supporting hundreds of caterpillar species while also providing nesting cavities, shelter, seeds, and seasonal food resources.

Each card highlights the habitat resources these keystone understory trees provide throughout the year. Use the key below to explore the ecological value of each species.